欢迎访问文稿网!

动词不定式作定语后加介词

范文之家 分享 时间: 加入收藏 我要投稿 点赞

动词不定式作定语后加介词

    1 常见错误类型

    为了做好这一题目,考生必须了解这一题型中经常出现的错误类型。

    (1)介词用法搭配方面的错误

    这是短文改错中出现频率较高的一类题型,要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破,考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中,请注意从以下几个方面辨认:

    1)介词与动词的搭配。

    如:accuse...of,charge...with,concentrate on,stop...from,prohibit...from,differ from,contribute to,abide by,account for,adapt oneself to,apply for,apply to,appeal to,arise from,attribute...to,deprive...of,distinguish...from,fill in,feel like,focus on,complain of,comment on,etc.

    2)介词与名词的搭配。

    如:belief in,confidence in,advantage over,preference over,attitude towards,solution to,influence on,access to,in blossom,on business,in case of,by chance,in charge of,under consideration,etc.

    3)介词与形容词的搭配。

    如:different from,indifferent to,dependent on/upon,independent of,guilty of,innocent of,persistent in,proficient in,familiar with,faithful to,critical of/about,contrary to,conscious of,aware of,confident of,cautious of,etc.

    (2)动词方面的错误

    1)系动词的错误使用。

    主要是考查be以外的其他系动词:look,smell,seem,taste,touch,sound等,这些词容易被错误地当成行为动词来使用,使其后本该接形容词的却接了副词。

    eg.The dishes taste very well.→The dishes taste very good.

    The metal touches coldly.→The metal touches cold.

    Your idea sounds very originally.→Your idea sounds very original.

    2)动词的及物与不及物。

    改错中有时考查考生对及物动词、不及物动词的掌握情况。如果考生没能很好地注意两者的区别,就容易犯这样的错误:

    A.把及物动词误用作不及物动词,这样就会在该动词后加本不必要的介词。

    eg.improve at the condition(at是多余的)

    spend of a lot of money(of是多余的)

    B.把不及物动词误用作及物动词,这样就在该动词后掉了本该有的介词。这种错误在考生平时的英语运用当中是最常见的。

    eg.contribute the motherland(动词后须加介词to)

    comment your viewpoint(动词后得加介词on)

    3)现在分词和过去分词的误用。

    eg.a disappointed result→a disappointing resultan exciting boy→an excited boy

    an embarrassed case→an embarrassing case

    4)与动词有关的句型。

    ①动词句型:带复杂宾语的动词固定搭配模式。

    eg.:find it important to do sth.,spend money/sometime(in)doing sth.make sb.do sth.be seen to do/doing sth.have trouble/difficulty(in)doing sth.等。

    ②传统句型:即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:

    A.省略句型。

    eg.While watch TV,they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire!Fire!”(watch→watching)

    B.动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。

    eg.This is no good arguing with him.(This→It) We find that important to have the bridge built first.(that→it)

    在复合宾语中,有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语,但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。

    eg.The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.(to make→making) Know only the rules is not enough.(Knows→Knowing或To know)

    (3)反义词误用

    这类错误必须在透彻理解上下文语义的基础上才能发现并更正。常见的这类错误有:

    1)派生反义词:polite—impolite,happy—unhappy,lucky—unlucky,proper—improper,etc.

    eg.2000年1月的72题:directly→indirectly

    2)互补性反义词:boy—girl,man—woman,male—female,brother—sister,married—single,etc.

    3)换位性反义词:buy—sell,give—receive,lend—borrow,husband—wife,parent—child,left—right,etc.

    4)相对性反义词:easy—hard,big—small,high—low,cold—hot,old—young,wide—narrow,love—hate,etc.

    eg.2000年1月的77题:little→much

    5)按上下文语义,行中多用了not或no,或必须添上not或no。

    (4)连接词误用

    连接词的错误虽然是属于传统的语法题范畴,但其用法主要根据上下文语义上的逻辑关系,也就是上下文的理解。连接词有很多种:

    1)并列连词。如:and,but,for,or等。曾经考查过的题目有2000年6月的73题,将as改为than,这考查的是比较连词的搭配,根据上一行中之more即可确定改as为than。

    2)主从连词。这类词较多,如:because,(al)though,if,unless,before,

    after,until,as,while,whereas,etc.

    3)连接性副词。如:however,moreover,besides,nevertheless,then,thus,

    etc.

    4)连接性介词。如:because of,despite,besides,instead of,etc.

    (5)其他语法方面的错误

    1)词性之间的误用。包括:

    ①名词与动词的误用。eg.believe—belief

    ②名词与形容词的误用。eg.confidence—confident

    ③形容词与副词的误用。eg.good—well这类错误常出现在be以外的系动词后:

    eg.feel badly→feel bad,grow uneasily→grow uneasy

    2)代词。代词错误是短文改错中常见的错误之一。具体表现在:

    ①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。

    ②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which,who与which,as与which的误用,what与that的混用。

    ③形式代词it与this,that的误用。如:find this important to preview the lesson(这里的this应改为形式宾语it)。

    ④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用。someone/somebody,everyone/everybody被误用作复数指代;some,any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。

    3)名词的数。主要包括:

    ①可数名词与不可数名词混淆:job—work,waters—water;

    ②单复数混淆;

    ③不规则复数名词的变化形式错误等。phenomenons→phenomena crisises-crises

    4)冠词。主要为:

    ①该用冠词时漏用;

    ②不该用冠词时赘用;

    ③the与a/an误用;

    ④a与an混用。

    5)主谓不一致。这类错误常见于句型较为复杂的结构中。有如下几种情况:

    ①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)

    ②倒装句:Standing in a line along the corridor is 3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)

    ③定语从句:The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)

    ④特殊句型:There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一个are→is)

    6)形容词、副词及其比较级。该错误类型具体表现为:

    ①两者的词性混淆;

    ②比较级错误。

    主要指比较物与被比较物之间的平行问题。eg.My first daughter's eyes are a little larger than my second daughter.(second daughter→second daughter's)

    (6)近形近义类错误

    1)近形。主要指在拼写上容易混淆的单词。

    如:assure保证ensure使确定insure保险

    inspiration灵感aspiration渴望

    latitude纬度altitude高度gratitude感激

    quite相当quiet安静地

    confirm确认conform使顺从

    compliment赞美complement附加物

    altar祭坛alter改变

    adapt适应adopt采用adept内行implicit含蓄的explicit明白的

    2)近义。主要指词义概念相近的词。

    如,besides—exceptdoubt—suspectdiscover—invent—find

    efficient—effectivenoise—voice—sound

    abandon—desert—forsake抛弃accomplish—complete—finish

    acknowledge—admit—concede—confess—recognize承认

    dread—fear—fright—horror—panic—terror惊恐

    alter—change—convert—modify—shift—transform—vary改变

221381
领取福利

微信扫码领取福利

微信扫码分享