Robert Young Hayne，1791—1840，was born in Colleton District，South Carolina，and studied and practiced law at Charleston.He was early elected to the State Legislature，and became Speaker of the House and Attorney-general of the state.He entered the Senate of the United States at the age of thirty-one.He was Governor of South Carolina during the “Nullification”troubles in 1832 and 1833.Mr.Hayne was a clear and able debater，and a stanch advocate of the extreme doctrine of “State Rights.”In the Senate he opposed the Tariff Bill of 1828；and，out of this struggle，grew his famous debate with Daniel Webster in 1830.The following selection is an extract from Mr.Hayne's speech on that memorable occasion.
If there be one state in the Union，Mr.President，that may challenge comparison with any other，for a uniform，zealous，ardent，and uncalculating devotion to the Union，that state is South Carolina.Sir，from the very commencement of the Revolution，up to this hour，there is no sacrifice，however great，she has not cheerfully made；no service she has ever hesitated to perform.
She has adhered to you in your prosperity；but in your adversity she has clung to you with more than filial affection.No matter what was the condition of her domestic affairs；though deprived of her resources，divided by parties，or surrounded by difficulties，the call of the country has been to her as the voice of God.Domestic discord ceased at the sound；every man became at once reconciled to his brethren，and the sons of Carolina were all seen，crowding to the temple，bringing their gifts to the altar of their common country.
What，sir，was the conduct of the South，during the Revolution？Sir，I honor New England for her conduct in that glorious struggle.But great as is the praise which belongs to her，I think at least equal honor is due to the South.Never were there exhibited，in the history of the world，higher examples of noble daring，dreadful suffering，and heroic endurance，than by the whigs of Carolina，during the Revolution.The whole state，from the mountains to the sea，was overrun by an overwhelming force of the enemy.The fruits of industry perished on the spot where they were produced，or were consumed by the foe.
The plains of Carolina drank up the most precious blood of her citizens.Black，smoking ruins marked the places which had been the habitation of her children.Driven from their homes into the gloomy and almost impenetrable swamps，even there the spirit of liberty survived，and South Carolina，sustained by the ex-ample of her Sumters and her Marions，proved，by her conduct，that though her soil might be overrun，the spirit of her people was invincible.
译文 TRANSLATION
罗伯特·杨·海恩（1791—1840），出生于南卡罗来纳州考立顿区。31岁海恩当选参议员。在他任南卡罗来纳州州长时发生了1832—1833年的“拒行联邦法令”纠纷。海恩是坚定的“州权”倡导者。任参议员时，他反对“1828年关税法案”，并因此于1830年与丹尼尔·韦伯斯特发生争论。下文即选自那篇演说词。
总统先生，如果有某个州始终如一、热忱如火、不计利害地献身联邦，这个州则非南卡罗来纳莫属。总统先生，从独立战争开始直到当下这一刻，无论多么大的牺牲，南卡罗来纳都乐于付出；无论什么样的奉献，南卡罗来纳都从未迟疑。
在你昌盛之时，她追随你；在你危难之际，她更以胜似人子的孺慕与你相依，不离不弃。无论州内情势如何，纵使资源匮乏、党争纷起、困难重重，她也一直将祖国的召唤奉为上帝之音。而一旦这一召唤响起，州内的不宁就即刻止息；每个人立刻成为同袍同泽的弟兄。南卡罗来纳州的儿郎涌向庙宇，向他们共同的祖国献上馨香，此情此景，有目共睹。
在这次革命中，南方表现如何？总统先生，我敬重在这场壮丽的革命中新英格兰各州的作为。但我以为，属于新英格兰各州的颂赞诚然伟大，南方却至少该有同样的荣光。在世界历史上，卡罗来纳州辉格党人在这场革命中所展现的高贵的胆色、卓绝的坚毅，所承受的惨烈的苦难是无与伦比的。整个州，从巍巍高山到茫茫大海，无处不被敌兵蹂躏、破坏。勤劳的果实凋落了，或被仇敌霸占。
卡罗来纳平原浸透了当地人的热血。他们栖居的家园化作那黑魆魆的、浓烟弥漫的废墟。敌人把他们从家中驱赶到不毛之地，但在那里，自由精神依然茁壮。南卡罗来纳以她的萨姆特斯和马里昂为榜样，用她的行动证明，她的土地可以被占领，但人民的精神却不可战胜。
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