qc小组活动方案

QC小组活动方案QC小组应遵循和运用PDCA循环、统计技术等科学方法，对所选择的课题进行计划、实施、检查和改进。使之不断循环前进，阶梯上升。, 适用于“问题解决型”课题

一、课题类型

按照QC小组参加的人员与活动课题的特点，“问题解决型”课题可分为“现场型”、“管理型”、“服务型”、“攻关型”四种类型。

(1)现场型:以班组和车间一线操作人员为主体组成，以稳定工序质量，改进产品质量，降低消耗，改善生产环境为目的。活动的范围主要是 在生产现场

(2)服务型:以公司不从事基本生产的辅助人员组成，以推动服务工作标 准化、程序化、科学化，提高服务质量为目的，活动的范围主要是在 服务现场。

(3)攻关型:以领导、技术人员和操作人员三结合组成，以解决技术关键 为目的，活动范围包括与生产有关的各个领域。

(4)管理型:以管理人员组成，以提高工作质量，解决管理中存在的问题，提高管理水平为目的。二、QC活动程序图 1选择课题

10总结和下一步打算 2现状调查 A 3设定目标 9制定巩固措施 P 目标未达到 目标达到 4分析原因 C 5确定主要原因 8检查效果 6制定对策 7按对策实施 D(一)选择课题 1、课题来源: a)指令性课题:此类课题通常是企业生产经营活动中迫切需要解决的关键and actual case whether match;by is located land right nature;property status, whether has damage or quality problem;property using situation, rental or use;reference around similar property price, judge aement value of rationality;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation.2.to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information(right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,)and actual case whether match;land nature;land flat situation;ground buildings situation;reference around similar land price, judge aement value of rationality;mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation.3.other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling.(C)pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc.(D)guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation aurance.15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectivene.Include:(a)the borrower data auditing 1.corporate clients should focus on aeing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information.2.small busine cla customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of busine, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 问题，由上级主管部门作为一项必须限期完成的任务，以行政指令的形 式向QC小组下达;b)指导性课题:是上下结合的选题方式，由企业的质量管理部门根据企业 实现经营战略、目标、方针的需要，把其中的一些难点具体化为一批课 题并予以公布，QC小组可根据自身的条件选择力所能及的课题开展活 动;c)自选课题:根据企业现状，针对生产现场、工作现场，服务现场、管理 环节、顾客意见和期望等方面存在并需要改进的问题，自选课题。2、选题要点: a)选题范围不受限制(质量、效率、成本、安全等);b)选题要宜小不宜大，要针对性强、时间短、见效快、小组成员能够发挥 作用的课题;c)尽可能选择能以特性值表达并有可比性的具体问题的课题;d)可从上级下达的难点、现场存在问题、顾客抱怨多等方面;e)在可选课题有多个时，要经小组全体成员民主协商。

f)题目应与小组的目标、成员相一致。如:以班组成员为主组成的小组，不能选择企业改革方面的大课题等。3、课题命名

项目的名称应该具体明确，针对性强，不要大帽子，如:创世界一流…;不要用对策来、采用的手段来命名课题，如:运用正交试验方法，解决…;4、选题理由的陈述

要简明扼要且充分。如顾客(标准)要求是什么,实际情况是什么, 差距有多少,等等，尽量用数据表达。5、QC小组项目登记

QC小组在选好课题后，开展项目前，填写“QC小组课题登记表”(见 附表一)和“QC课题立项评审表”(见附表二)，报工艺质量室;经公司 评审通过。(二)现状调查

1、目的:弄清现状，为设定目标提供依据; 2、内容:收集资料和数据。明确存在问题的程度，最高、最低达到多少，波动有多大，与要求有多少差距等等;3、应用工具和方法:调查表、对比表、折线图、柱状图、饼分图、直方图、控制图、过程能力指数等。在症结所在时分层法是最常用的方法;4、收集数据时应该注意:有关的数据、数据的代表性和客观性、数据的时 and actual case whether match;by is located land right nature;property status, whether has damage or quality problem;property using situation, rental or use;reference around similar property price, judge aement value of rationality;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation.2.to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information(right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,)and actual case whether match;land nature;land flat situation;ground buildings situation;reference around similar land price, judge aement value of rationality;mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation.3.other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling.(C)pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc.(D)guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation aurance.15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectivene.Include:(a)the borrower data auditing 1.corporate clients should focus on aeing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information.2.small busine cla customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of busine, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 间性。(三)设定目标

1、目标的名称与课题的名称要一致: 如:降低× 产品加工的废品率，目标则应是×产品的废品率由现在的×降到×;2、目标要定量化:定量目标通过活动或改进后便于检查比较，不用定性的 目标。

3、目标设定不宜过多

如是一个课题设二个以上目标，则要分别经二个以上目标为中心进 行活动，使解决问题过程复杂化，不易表述，易出现逻辑性混乱。4、目标值设定的水平

目标要有一定的挑战性且通过小组努力可以达到的;当课题目标与 上级考核目标一致时，可以把上级的考核指标或产品工艺规格要求作为 活动目标。

5、目标值设定的依据:(a)上级下达的指标必须达到;(b)顾客的要求必 须予以满足;(c)与条件基本相的同行业企业的水平进行比较;(d)历史上曾经达到 过的最好水平;(e)通过现状调查，找出症结所在，预计解决程度，测 算出能够达到的水平。(四)分析原因

1、学会采用专业工具，一般采用因果图; 2、展示原因的全貌避免遗漏(可从“人”、“机”、“料”、“法”、“环”4M1E

或5M1E增加一个“测”)

3、原因分析要展开到可以直接采取对策的程度为止; 4、逻辑性要强，要合理;5、要召开原因分析会广泛收集影响问题的原因。(五)确认主要原因

1、应对全部末端原因逐个确认; 2、根据事实、数据，用科学方法确定(现场测量、试验、察看实物、查阅 记录、向当事人调查等);3、判定是否主要原因的标准是对分析问题的影响程度大小。

(切忌以“少数服从多数”或以“是否容易解决”的方式确认主要原因)(六)制定对策

and actual case whether match;by is located land right nature;property status, whether has damage or quality problem;property using situation, rental or use;reference around similar property price, judge aement value of rationality;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation.2.to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information(right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,)and actual case whether match;land nature;land flat situation;ground buildings situation;reference around similar land price, judge aement value of rationality;mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation.3.other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling.(C)pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc.(D)guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation aurance.15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectivene.Include:(a)the borrower data auditing 1.corporate clients should focus on aeing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information.2.small busine cla customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of busine, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 1、关于对策的制订

a)针对确定的每一条要因，发动小组成员提出多种改进的对策以供选择;b)对每一条可供选择的对策从有效性、可行性、经济性、可靠性等方面进 行分析评估，选择综合评分高的作为采用的对策。、正确使用对策表 2 a)针对每条主要原因，充分提出多种改进对策;b)对每条原因的多种对策，分别进行综合评价，而后比较选定实施的对策;c)按5W1H的原则制订对策表;(如下)序 主要 对策 目标 措施 负责人 地点 完成日期 号 原因 What Why How Who Where When d)针对确定的对策制订具体措施方法和手段;e)对策表中的目标栏，要尽量可能用定量的目标值来表述。3、制订对策表应该注意的问题

a)对策和实施混在一起;b)目标没有定量的目标值;c)使用抽象的词语(如:加强、提高、争取、减少、随时、尽量等);d)不是针对每一条要因逐条制订对策。

(七)按对策实施 1、怎样实施对策

a)按“对策表”的要求逐一制订实施措施;b)要按照对策表中的“措施”栏目逐条实施，并在实施中做好活动记录;c)每条对策在实施完成后要立即与对策表上的“目标”要求进行对比，确认

其结果;d)如果确认没有达到对策表中所定的“目标”时，要重新评价措施的有效性，必要时要修正所采取的措施;e)每条对策实施后，还需要对是否影响安全环境、是否影响相关处的质量、是否影响管理、是否影响费用成本的增高等方面进行检查。2、对策与实施过程常用的方法

对策实施阶段是实质性质量改进阶段，各种改进及结果都要用数据 表达，可运用多种工具及方法。如:调查表、直方图、控制图、过程能 力指数等等。3、应该注意的问题

and actual case whether match;by is located land right nature;property status, whether has damage or quality problem;property using situation, rental or use;reference around similar property price, judge aement value of rationality;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation.2.to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information(right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,)and actual case whether match;land nature;land flat situation;ground buildings situation;reference around similar land price, judge aement value of rationality;mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation.3.other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling.(C)pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc.(D)guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation aurance.15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectivene.Include:(a)the borrower data auditing 1.corporate clients should focus on aeing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information.2.small busine cla customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of busine, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more a)小组应该根据自己处理数据的实际需要来正确恰当的选用工具;b)尽量用简单的方法工具解决问题，不要盲目使用复杂的工具。

(八)检查效果 1、如何进行效果检查

a)与小组设定的目标进行比较:常用柱状图、折线图、直方图进行效果比较。如没有达到课题目标则要重新检查过程的活动情况，分析未达到目标 的原因，重新制订对策并实施，取得效果后进行再比较;如达到课题 目标就可以转入下一个程序。

b)与对策实施前的现状对比:把实施后的效果与现状调查时的现状进行再比 较(最好使用原来的方法工具)以明确改善的程度和改进的有效性，同时要注意检查是否有其他方面的副作用或还不完善的地方。2、如何计算经济效益 计算效益一定要实事求是，一般以活动期计算，计算方法即实际效 益,产生的效益,投入的费用，同时要要注意总结活动的社会效益。(九)制定巩固措施

1、把实践证明有效的对策表中的措施按照规定的程序向有关部门申报纳入 相关标准(包括技术标准和管理制度、操作规程)，批准后正式执行，并经常检查是否按照修改后的标准执行落实。

2、确定一定的巩固期，及时收集数据，分析比较，并做好记录，观察效果 是否稳定。

(十)总结和下一步打算

1、总结 通过总结进一步提高小组成员分析、解决问题的能力。a)专业技术方面:小组成员哪些专业技术得到了提高，掌握了哪些经验和知

识，还有哪些专业知识和技能是欠缺的，要进行总结;b)管理技术方面:回顾活动过程中是否按照PDCA循环的程序进行，方法

工具的运用是否恰当，正确，解决问题的思路是否清析，逻辑性是否 强，是否环环相扣;c)小组综合素质方面:可以从质量意识(含安全、环保、成本、效率等意识)、问题意识、参与意识、改进意识个人能力的提高、QC知识的掌握、团 队精神、协作意识、工作热情、干劲的高涨、创新精神和能力增强等 方面进行自评，并将测评成绩与活动前的成绩作对比，总结活动取得 的无形效果。2、下一步打算

a)在现状分析时找出的关键少数主要问题已经解决，原来的次要问题上升为 and actual case whether match;by is located land right nature;property status, whether has damage or quality problem;property using situation, rental or use;reference around similar property price, judge aement value of rationality;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, and demolition, and transformation, limit situation.2.to land right mortgage of, survey people should verified following information: land right card by contains Ming information(right people, and location, and nature, and term, and area,)and actual case whether match;land nature;land flat situation;ground buildings situation;reference around similar land price, judge aement value of rationality;mortgage real whether has other mortgage right or notice registration established prior;whether exists property disputes, and seized, and freeze, and mortgage, limit situation.3.other chattels, ownership, the value of the mortgage should be implemented, and whether factors such as easy handling.(C)pledge of collateral investigation procedures, investigators should enforce collateral value, convenience custody and disposition, pledge rights effective identification, registration, etc.(D)guarantee investigation to ensure that the procedures, the investigation shall, in accordance with the borrower's standards to investigate the guarantor evaluation aurance.15th information audit survey people deal with borrowers and qualification provided by the guarantor, financial status, proof of identity, the authenticity of the data carefully reviewed, verified, rationality and effectivene.Include:(a)the borrower data auditing 1.corporate clients should focus on aeing various types of licenses, certificates, financial reporting, powers of Attorney and other text and a real plea related information.2.small busine cla customers also should focus on the review of the borrower to provide evidence of busine, financial position and actual control of credit, property, and more 主要问题，需要通过活动继续解决;b)在最初进行课题选择时小组成员提出的其他可供选择的课题;c)再次发动小组成员广泛提出问题，从中选择评估选取。, 适用于创新型课题

1、“创新型”课题:是相对于“问题解决型”课题而言，是指QC小组成员运 用新的思维方式，创新的方法，开发新产品(项目、服务)、新工具、新方法，实现预期目标的课题。

2、“创新型”与“问题解决型”课题的区别 项目 问题解决型 创新型

立题 在原有基础上改进、提高 从未有过的事情

现状 要把现状调查分析清楚 无现状调查，而是研究创新的切入点 在原来的基础上，上升一个新的目标 全新的要求 台阶

原因分针对现存的问题症结分析原因，不分析原因;为达到预期目标，广泛 析 找出主要原因 提出各种方案，寻找最佳方案。

决策依评价、比较、选择(有数据时，也要用数据说话 据 用数据)应用工以数据分析工具为主，非数据分以非数据分析工具为主 具 析工具为辅 3、“创新型” 课题活动程序图 1选择课题 8 总结和今后打算 A 2设定目标 7标准化 P 目标达到 3 提出各种方案目标未达到 6确认效果 C 并确定最佳方案 4制定对策表 5按对策表实施 D 4、课题命名、选题理由的陈述、QC小组项目登记同“问题解决型”课题。