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托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍

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托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍

托福考试在2019年8月进行了一次考试内容和流程方面的改革调整,阅读部分的变动幅度较大。今天小编给大家带来了 托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。

托福考试改革后阅读部分基础入门常识介绍

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读考试的量化指标

新托福阅读考试分为无阅读加试和有阅读加试两种。

无阅读加试的情况下,共有3篇文章,总计考试时间为54分钟,每篇文章的平均答题时间为18分钟,考生可以自由分配3篇文章的阅读和解题时间。

有阅读加试的情况下,在已有的3篇文章及54分钟答题时间的基础上,再加1篇文章,共计72分钟,加试期间的文章的考试时间依然可以自由分配。

无论加试与否,每篇文章均为10道题目,各篇长度为700词左右。需要注意的是一旦完成了一个部分的考试便可。

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读文章出处以及选材范围

作为一项语言能力测试,托福考试是考查考生能否具备足够的语言交流能力,以期在北美完成正常的学习任务和研究工作。因此,其阅读文章原型大都选自美国大学本科生使用的教材,以达到最佳的模拟测试效果。从选材范围可见:托福阅读的文章内容对考生知识存储量的广度有一定的要求,但同时考虑到考生来自于不同的专业,对于其他学科往往不具备专业素质,因此为了遵守考试公平性原则,文章均不对其所述及的学科做过多深入的探讨。

托福考试改革后阅读基础知识:阅读文章类型及篇章段落结构

根据托福阅读文章的出处及选材范围,我们可以将这些文章归为三类:说明文、议论文、史实文。三者合一统称为:学术性文章。这种类型的文章,必须具备说理性特质,即行文逻辑大都遵循着相对固定的结构模式。

一句话:托福文章的篇章结构有规律可寻,段落组成有原则可守。

情人节阅读素材:单身不可怕

单身不可怕

Anyone who lives alone and manifests no longing to be in a relationship is in our times almost automatically viewed as pitiable.Moreover, they think that it is simply not possible to be at once alone and normal.This set us up for collective catastrophe,because it means that a huge number of people who have no wish to live with anyone else.Even worse,they are under press and pressure, then they are shamed into conjugal life(婚姻生活).No doubt that they are with disastrous results for all involved. Only once singlehood has completely equal prestige with its alternative can we ensure that people will be free in their choices.And hence,they can join couples for the right reasons because they love another person ,rather than because they are terrified of remaining single.

在这个时代,不想恋爱的独居人士总被人默默视为可怜而有问题的人,人们认为单身绝对不可能是正常人。这使得一大拨人难以幸免,因为有很多人打心底不想和别人在一起。然而,很大一部分的单身人士却迫于压力,满怀愧疚地发展恋爱关系甚至进入婚姻殿堂。最终双方都落得伤痕累累。只有人们像重视婚姻一样重视单身生活时才能保证人们拥有自由的选择权,以合理的原因投入一段感情,也就是“爱”而不是人们害怕单身。

保持单身的好处

Romantic love is a dangerous illusion.

浪漫爱情只是泡沫

We should recognize that romantic love,the idea of being deeply enamored with one special partner over a whole lifetime is a very new, ambitious and really pretty odd concept.From close-up ,over periods of time ,almost everyone is condemned to be pretty dispiriting and difficult.A good romantic marriage is evidently theoretically possible.It may also be extremely unlikely in practice.,which should make any failure feel a good deal less shameful.

我们应该认识到:浪漫爱情也就是深爱着自己的那个人会矢志不渝,只是一个过分自信又奇怪的新生概念。时间一长,经过仔细的观察,就会发现每个人都难以相处,令人失望。显然,浪漫婚姻在理论上可行,但却难以在实际生活中实现。因此,恋情失败也就情有可原了。

No one thinks their partner is terrific after a while.

相处久了之后,会渐渐发现另一半并不完美

Those among us who chose to stay single shouldn’t be thought unromantic.Indeed ,we may be among the very most romantic of all, because it is in the end the fervent romantics who should be especially careful of ending up in boring relationships.

选择单身的人并非缺乏浪漫细胞,事实上,我们也可能非常浪漫。因为到最后,只有最浪漫的人才需提防自己和对方变得无趣。

We aren’t sane enough to be in relationships.

面对感情,我们还不够理智

Though it is a sign of some maturity to know how to love and live alongside someone, it is actually a sign of even greater to recognize that this is something that one isn’t in the end gotta be psychologically really capable of,as a good portion of us simply aren’t.In that cases, we retire ourselves voluntarily ,in order to save others from the terrible consequences ,or it is called bad ending.

学会去爱固然是成熟的体现,但是意识到一段感情远超自己的心理承受能力更能体现成熟,因为有些人的确承受不来。在这种情况下,我们主动选择退出,使他人和自己免受伤害。这可能是一种伟大和善良的体现吧。

Being alone means not inflicting yourself on others.

单身意味着不让别人遭罪

However, being alone means not inflicting ourselves on others.It spares us from constant reminders of how difficult and strange we are!No one is there to hold a mirror up-record your antics and constantly make you accountable for them. If you ‘re lucky, you will be able to tolerate and even like yourself if you are on your own.

单身后,你就不会老想着自己多么奇葩而不近人情。没人会举着镜子,追踪你的一举一动,对你的所作所为指指点点。独自一人时,你能忍受自己、喜欢自己。

其实,我们真的不必担心,二十岁的关口,还算是年轻的!也没有哪一条规定你一定得结婚,即使单身一人,我们也可以将自己的生活过的有滋有味呢。如果没能遇见爱的人,那么余生就让我们自己酷下去吧!

托福阅读素材:情人节的来历

情人节由来:

关于情人节的由来有很多种说法,在这里小编列举其中三种出说:

传说一

公元3世纪,罗马帝国皇帝宣布废弃所有的婚姻承诺,这样很多无所牵挂的男人可以走上战场。但是一名叫瓦仑廷的神父没有遵照这个旨意而继续为相爱的年轻人举行教堂婚礼。事情被告发后,瓦仑廷神父在公元270年2月14日这天被送上了绞架被绞死。14世纪以后,人们就开始纪念这个日子。名为情人节。

传说二

据说瓦伦丁是最早的基du徒之一,那个时代做一名基du徒意味着危险和死亡。为掩护其他殉教者,瓦沦丁被抓住,投入了监牢。在那里他治愈了典狱长女儿失明的双眼。当暴君听到这一奇迹时,他感到非常害怕,于是将瓦沦丁斩首示众。据传说,在行刑的那一天早晨,瓦沦丁给典狱长的女儿写了一封情意绵绵的告别信,落款是:From your Valentine(寄自你的瓦伦丁)。当天,盲女在他墓前种了一棵开红花的杏树,以寄托自己的情思,这一天就是2月14日。自此以后,基du教便把2月14日定为情人节。

传说三

传说以前在英国,所有雀鸟都会在2月14日日交配求偶,如黑鸟、山鹑等,皆在2月间求偶。所以,人类也认为每年的2月14日是春天万物初生的佳日,代表着青春生命的开始,也仿效雀鸟于每年的2月14日选伴侣。

情人节是基du教徒为了纪念瓦伦丁为正义、为纯洁的爱而牺牲自己,将临刑的这一天定为“圣瓦伦节”,后人又改成“情人节”。是欧美和大洋洲的一些国家的民族节日。

虽然是西方的节日,但是中国人对于情人的热情一点也不亚于西方人,受到众多国人的热捧,那么对于情人节“爱“的表达怎样才能更加撩人呢。情人节情话应该这样说:

You are my today and all of my tomorrows.

你是我的今天,以及所有的明天。

They tell you in school that it’s the lungs that keep you breathing but it’s your heart.

在学校老师说过,我们要靠肺部呼吸存活。但实际上,我靠的是你的心。

And it’s as if I never really even knew love until right now, in this moment, with you.

我仿佛从不懂什么是爱,直到,我遇见你。

Ask me to define my love for you and I’ll say it’s captured in every beautiful memory of our past, detailed out in the vivid visions of our dreams, and future plans, but most of all it’s right now, in the moment where everything I’ve ever wanted in my life is standing right in front of me and smiling.

若要我给对你的爱下个定义,我会说:爱,深深刻印在我们过去每段美好回忆中,详细描绘在我们鲜活的梦想憧憬和未来计划中。但最重要的,爱,是此时此刻,是我毕生追求的一切美好,就站在我面前,绽开微笑。

I really don’t know how many more love stories I have left in me, but I want you to be my last.

我真不知道命中还剩多少次爱情故事,但我想要你做我的最后一次。

There are going to be days where you’re undone, stressed out, tired, spent. And I’ll still love you just as much in those moments as I ever have, maybe even a little more, because it’ll mean you let me get close enough to know the real you. That’s all I want.

当你受挫失落、憔悴不堪、倦累难耐、筋疲力竭时。我会像以往一样爱你,也许甚至会爱你更多。因为那意味着你对我敞开心门,让我接近真实的你。这就是我想要的。

I swear I couldn’t love you more than I do right now, and yet I know I will tomorrow.

我发誓我不能比现在更爱你了。但我又知道,明天会爱你更多。

Sweetheart,

My thoughts are deep into you

From the moment that I wake up

And to the whole day through

Happy Valentine's Day

亲爱的,

我深深地想念著你,

从我每天早上起来的那一刻起,

每一分每一秒直到一天结束。

情人节快乐!

If I could save time in a bottle

the first thing that I'd like to do is to save every day until eternity passes away

just to spend them with you

if I could make days last forever

if words could make wishes come true

I'd save every day like a treasure and then

again I would spend them with you

如果我能把时间存入一个瓶子,

我要作的第一件事就是,

把每一天都存下来直到永恒,

再和你一起慢慢度过。

如果我能把时间化作永恒,

如果我的愿望能一一成真,

我会把每天都像宝贝一样存起来,

再和你一起慢慢度过。

Without you, I'd be a soul without a purpose.

Without you, I'd be an emotion without a heart.

I'm a face without expression, A heart with no beat.

Without you by my side, I'm just a flame without the heat.

没有你 我将是一个没有目的灵魂;

没有你 我的情感将没有了根基;我将是一张没有表情的脸;一颗停止跳动的心;

没有你在我身边;我只是一束没有热量的火焰。

这样的情话,你是不是也心动了呢,是不是被撩到了呢!赶紧学起来吧!

聊聊托福阅读的那些事儿

每次走入新带教的班级,时常有学生问起我这样一个问题,“老师,我的文章理解没啥问题,但为何分数却不高?It’s INCREDIBLE!!!。”相信这个问题也一直困扰着那些还未和托福阅读分手的童鞋们。因此,今天就让我们一起来聊聊托福阅读那些事儿。

单词熟练及灵活运用程度。

从某种意义上来说, 词汇量的多少是决定托福阅读高分的关键和基础。但有着大量词汇的你,是不是词汇题还会错,感觉心好累。。。那我想问问你,做题时单词有没有熟练运用呢?还是在那儿生搬硬套?我们一起试试这道例题。

Although southern Maya areas received more rainfall than northern areas, problems of water were paradoxically more severe in the wet south. While that made things hard for ancient Maya living in the south, it has also made things hard for modern archaeologists who have difficulty understanding why ancient droughts caused bigger problems in the wet south than in the dry north.

The word “paradoxically”in the passage is closest in meaning to ?

○usually

○surprisingly

○understandably

○predictably

Paradoxically原意: 悖论地;自相矛盾地。但这四个选项与单词原意并无直接对应。这时,我们就需要回到文中具体语境进行理解:

尽管玛雅南部地区比之北部有更多的降水,但是水资源问题在潮湿的南面却(出乎意料)更为严重。所以这道题的答案选B~ 大家都选对了吗?

阅读段落及选项的仔细程度。

Paragraph 3: Climatic changes at the end of the glacial period 13,000 years ago have been proposed to account for the emergence of farming. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources. There were, however, fluctuations in the climatic conditions, with the consequences that wet conditions were followed by dry ones, so that the availability of plants and animals oscillated brusquely.

According to paragraph 3, the abundance of resources fluctuated sharply after the end of the glacial period because?

A.Locally abundant resources were quicklyexhausted by hunter-gatherers.

B.The temperature became much higher in someareas over others.

C.Different types of plants and animals became available as the climate changed.

D.The amount of rainfall varied radically from one period to the next.

1分钟的思考时间,你会选择哪个选项?在纠结是选A呢?还是选B呢?好吧,公布正确答案是D,一脸诧异!!!为什么?首先,题目中关键词——the abundance of resources, fluctuated, because。接着,缩小定位区间——文章最后一句话。所以呢,答案就选D啦~

PS:关于定位问题,在这儿省略100字,详细可参考之前Sherry老师的文章哦~

阅读文章的专注程度。

托福阅读文章内容主要由学术性内容构成,涉及的话题及其广泛,主要包括三大类话题:

A. 自然科学类(天文,地质,生物,气象等)

B. 人文科学类(艺术,考古,语言,文学等)

C. 社会科学类(政治,经济,教育,人类学等)

其中,不乏有一些我们不熟悉且不擅长的学科内容,所以,读了一会儿,你是不是就觉得枯燥乏味,从而无法再专注继续读完呢?

所以,在课余生活中,我们更应该多读此类文章(结合“机考”,更多可以从网上直接阅读),一方面可以了解常识和拓展知识面,另一方面还可增加相关内容的单词量,何乐而不为呢~

写到这里忽然想起了那句“托福虐我千百遍,我待托福如初恋”,希望以上的总结能对备考中的你有所帮助~~~托福er,加油!!!



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